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Charge Balancing by Addition of Specific Solutes

In WAVE, one can perform charge balancing by adding the following ions

Cations: Sodium, Calcium, Ammonia
Anions: Chloride, Sulfate

Depending on whether the specified water has a net positive (requires anions) or negative (requires cations) charge, WAVE would display buttons to add the appropriate ions (Figure 1 and Figure 2). The user should click on the appropriate button. The Charge Balance value will drop to a very small number.

Figure 31. Charge balancing a stream by adding cations

Figure 1: Charge balancing a stream by adding cations

Figure 32. Charge balancing a stream by adding anions

Figure 2: Charge balancing a stream by adding anions

Notes:

Charge balancing with addition of solutes does not affect the ammonia equilibrium
The buttons used for Charge Balancing (Adjust pH, Adjust Solutes, Add Solutes) would be grayed out under most circumstances. However, after several attempts, the buttons are still not greyed out, it means that WAVE is as close to charge balance as possible. Users can then proceed with the design.
This method is the simplest charge balance method and is commonly used.

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