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Charge Balancing by Adjustment of Solute Compositions

Another method to balance the feed charge in WAVE is by adjusting solutes. This would involve proportional adjustment of cations, anions or both. Three options are given in WAVE:

Cations: NH4, K, Na, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba
Anions: CO3, HCO3, NO3, Cl, F, SO4
Both (Cations and Anions)

As shown, the user can pick the appropriate option.

Figure 33. Charge balancing in WAVE by adjusting solutes

Figure 1: Charge balancing in WAVE by adjusting solutes

Notes:

Charge balancing with addition of solutes does not affect the pH
The carbonate equilibrium is affected by “Adjust Anions” and “Adjust All Ions” options.
The ammonium equilibrium may be affected by “Adjust Cations” and “Adjust All Ions” options.
The buttons used for Charge Balancing (Adjust pH, Adjust Solutes, Add Solutes) would be grayed out under most circumstances. However, after several attempts, the buttons are still not greyed out, it means that WAVE is as close to charge balance as possible. Users can then proceed with the design.

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