Charge Balancing the CO₂/HCO₃/CO₃ composition for a given feed pH

The WAVE calculation engine would determine the equilibrium CO₃/CO₂ composition given a feed pH using proprietary equations. Thus the composition of the three species can be adjusted to achieve charge balance. The user can click on “Adjust total CO₂/ HCO₃/CO₃” as shown.

Figure 1: Balancing the CO₂/HCO₃/CO₃ composition for a given feed pH

Notes:

WAVE automatically calculates the equilibrium CO₂/HCO₃/CO₃ composition given either the HCO₃ or CO₃
The carbonate equilibrium in the feed water is affected by pH, temperature and TDS. Thus if the user changes the amount of other ions by a large extent, the carbonate equilibrium will be affected.

www.dupont.com/water/contact-us

All information set forth herein is for informational purposes only. This information is general information and may differ from that based on actual conditions. Customer is responsible for determining whether products and the information in this document are appropriate for Customer's use and for ensuring that Customer's workplace and disposal practices are in compliance with applicable laws and other government enactments. The product shown in this literature may not be available for sale and/or available in all geographies where DuPont is represented. The claims made may not have been approved for use in all countries. Please note that physical properties may vary depending on certain conditions and while operating conditions stated in this document are intended to lengthen product lifespan and/or improve product performance, it will ultimately depend on actual circumstances and is in no event a guarantee of achieving any specific results. DuPont assumes no obligation or liability for the information in this document. References to “DuPont” or the “Company” mean the DuPont legal entity selling the products to Customer unless otherwise expressly noted. NO WARRANTIES ARE GIVEN; ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE EXPRESSLY EXCLUDED. No freedom from infringement of any patent or trademark owned by DuPont or others is to be inferred.

Charge Balancing the CO2/HCO3/CO3 composition for a given feed pH

Charge Balancing the CO₂/HCO₃/CO₃ composition for a given feed pH